“You can’t work with the Thai church.”

“They’re lazy, they don’t show up on time, and they lie to you by saying they’ll do something and then not do it.”

This was the repeated sentiment we heard from experienced missionaries during our early years in Thailand. We had learned that most CPMs are started by in/near culture believers, so we wanted to find Thai believers with a vision for multiplying disciples.

We sought out long-time workers in Thailand to learn how to approach this. But over and over, we heard: don’t even try. It won’t work. It’s too hard. Just do it yourself.

At the same time, we began visiting local Thai churches that seemed to carry a vision for disciple-making and church planting. We met vibrant, growing, Thai-led churches with goals like planting 100 churches or starting groups in every province in their region. And to our surprise, they warmly welcomed us to learn from them and partner together.

Over the last 12 years on the field, we’ve continued to hear that working with the local church is too difficult for cross-cultural missionaries — not just in Thailand, but in many places around the world. Yet by God’s grace, our experience has been marked by deep partnership and friendship with our Thai brothers and sisters. We also know many CPM practitioners who feel the same way, some even brought to tears when speaking about their local partners and friends.

So why is there such a massive gap between these experiences? Why do some cross-cultural workers grow skeptical or even bitter toward local believers, while others develop rich, life-giving relationships?

We believe one big reason lies with ethnocentrism. It’s one of the most sinister and destructive barriers for cross-cultural workers that sabotages their desire to have an impact among the fields they’re called to.

It affects not only their relationship with local believers, but their relationship with the local culture, their thriving on the field, and ultimately their long-term perseverance in their calling. 

In this post, we’ll look at what ethnocentrism is, how the Bible addresses it, and ways we can reflect on our own ethnocentrism. In our next post, we’ll discuss how ethnocentrism affects your vision and practical ways you can combat it.

What is Ethnocentrism?

Ethnocentrism is defined as “the tendency to evaluate other cultures based on the standards and values of one’s own culture, often leading to perceptions of superiority.”

When a goer moves overseas, it’s an extremely jarring experience. The language, climate, foods, traditions, expectations, and social dynamics can be completely different from the place you grew up. For many goers, there can be an initial honeymoon phase where they’re excited to learn and experience many new things. But after a few months, the ongoing feelings of confusion, of homesickness, of not fitting in can start to impact you. You get tired of being stared at on the street, being laughed at when you try to speak the local language, and you just want a dang burger instead of this funky tasting mystery meat.

Thoughts of judgment and criticism start creeping in:

“Why can’t they just do it the way we do it at home? It’s so much better that way.” 

“Why are people here so dishonest? Why can’t they just tell it to me straight?”

“Why is this thing so weird? Why can’t it just be normal?”

All missionaries have had thoughts like these, including myself and those on our team. Naturally, in an attempt to assuage the confusion we experience, we begin to measure things in our host culture against our home culture. The criticisms that we heard from experienced missionaries in Thailand assumed that certain cultural values in the West, like being hard-working, punctual, and communicating directly, are the cultural standards in Thailand. They aren’t! But that doesn’t mean it’s wrong.

Without an understanding of ethnocentrism, cross-cultural workers can become frustrated, bitter, and judgmental against the very culture and people they came to serve. And unfortunately, it’s not just an early season culture shock thing for many people. We’ve met several decade-plus missionaries who still say things like, “I honestly hate everything about this country but I guess we’re supposed to be here.”

Dr. Craig Ott in Teaching and Learning Across Cultures writes that “ethnocentrism not only can blind one to the beauty of other cultures but can also lead to condescending attitudes that block meaningful relationships with others and the ability to learn from them. In the worst case, it can foster racism and prejudice.”

The Lawnmower

In a pre-field cultural training that Jenn and I attended, the facilitator explained that the different places we were going to would have different cultural values and to be wary of ethnocentrism. To illustrate this, he told a story of his time in Indonesia where a neighbor asked to borrow a lawnmower. But after the neighbor used it, he kept the lawnmower in his own garage. After a couple of weeks, the facilitator, somewhat annoyed, finally asked the neighbor for his lawnmower back.

The neighbor said, “Of course!” When the facilitator asked the neighbor why he had not returned his lawnmower several weeks after using it, the neighbor explained, “In our culture, since we are part of the same neighborhood, it means we are part of the same community. What’s mine is yours and what’s yours is mine! I was just keeping the lawnmower in my garage until you needed it back, but you could have asked for it anytime!”

The facilitator posed a question to the group of future missionaries: did my neighbor steal my lawnmower? Jenn and I looked at each other and both thought – “of course not, the neighbor was just explaining communal culture. The facilitator even just explicitly said so.”

But the entire class answered in an uproar: “Yes! He stole it! He should’ve given it back immediately because it’s your personal property!” Some even aggressively contended that the facilitator should have called the police on the neighbor for theft.

We were shocked. Not only that the explicitly explained difference in cultural values went over everyone’s head, but also at the anger and disbelief that was in the response.

As we’ve reflected on this interaction, we’ve realized that the angry energy in the class’ response was because they had made a cultural misunderstanding into a moral issue. It was morally wrong that the neighbor did not return the lawnmower because of Americans’ high value of individuality and personal ownership. But the neighbor did not see it that way at all because of his own more collectivist cultural lens.

The lawnmower is a somewhat trivial example, but still such a small issue resulted in such a strong response from the group. We have seen missionaries, including ourselves, make this ethnocentric mistake in much higher stakes situations. We do this in how we train and model expressions of church, how we discuss theology, how we choose leaders, how we evaluate moral and discipleship issues. We measure local believers against our cultural interpretation of Scripture, instead of looking at how Scripture speaks into the local context.

Ethnocentrism and Paternalism in Missions History

There are countless examples of ethnocentrism, paternalism, and even cultural imperialism throughout missions history. Entire books, courses, and degree programs have been devoted to these topics, so we won’t try to cover them in depth here.

But we do want to briefly acknowledge how the painful parts of missions history can compound the problems that come with ethnocentrism today. We’re also troubled by how many workers are unaware of the historical dynamics in the places they serve, and how often the same mistakes continue to be repeated.

Paternalism “occurs when missionaries and their sending churches and agencies consciously or unconsciously assume that they possess superior knowledge, experience, and skills and, consequently, exert control over local Christians and their leaders. This control is almost always exerted through financial arrangements and the implicit authority of money.”

Missions history is littered with examples of paternalism, racism, and cultural imperialism (the imposition by a dominant community of its own culture onto another community) that led to destructive consequences for the name of Jesus around the world. In the most extreme cases, some missionaries had a view that they were not only bringing the gospel, but Western civilization to the “savage” or “heathens” in other parts of the world. They viewed non-Western cultures and peoples as inferior, and thought that planting churches meant dismantling the local culture. Is it any wonder that in many unreached places in the world, Christianity has a negative reputation and is seen as a Western, foreign religion?

Missionaries today need to be aware of what previous generations of workers have done, both good and bad, and in some cases, explicitly acknowledge the negative impact that has come with paternalism and imperialism. It’s especially important for those of us from the West to guard against a “Western savior complex” – the assumption that we are coming to rescue people who are helpless without us. Jesus is the Savior, not us. We should be aware of where he is working and join in that, which often is through the existing local church!

How the Bible Addresses Ethnocentrism

One of my favorite Bible studies is comparing and contrasting Jesus’ interactions with Gentiles and with Jewish religious leaders. I might post a blog on this topic in the future but I’d encourage you to study this if you haven’t!

The story of the Good Samaritan in Luke 10:25-37 is the clearest example of how Jesus addresses ethnocentrism. When challenged by a lawyer about how to inherit eternal life, Jesus answers with the Great Commandment: love God and love your neighbor. And the lawyer, perhaps looking for a loophole to focus his “love” on those he prefers, replies, “who is my neighbor?”

And Jesus tells of a man beaten and left for dead, passed on by supposedly holy leaders, a priest and a Levite. But a Samaritan – avoided, judged, hated by the Jews – showed compassion to the man, cared for him, sacrificed his own resources, and showed mercy. The ultimate example of obedience to the Great Commandment was a person not just from a different culture, but a culture that the Jews hated.

Jesus’ example is love, humility, and compassion towards those from different cultures. He left heaven’s culture to walk on the earth as a Jewish man and make a way for all cultures to receive grace through the Cross. He condemns and rejects ethnocentrism by declaring God’s heart for all nations and explicitly showing his love towards non-Jewish people. The gospels are full of examples of this: the salvation for the Samaritan woman at the well (John 4), the grace for the Syrophoenician woman (Mark 7), the faith of the Roman centurion to name just a few.

Paul also embodies an anti-ethnocentric posture: “I have become all things to all people, that by all means I might save some. I do it all for the sake of the gospel, that I may share with them in its blessings” (1 Cor. 9:22-23). He is willing to lay down his own values, preferences, and even rights to be a minister to the Gentiles.

Scripture culminates in Revelation 7, perhaps the most anti-ethnocentric passage in the Bible, where the multitude from every nation, tribe, people, and language is worshipping around the throne of God. There is no higher or lower culture, no better or worse cultural values – there are only the people rescued by Jesus clothed in white robes. And yet, the peoples still preserve their cultural identity – representatives from every culture are in the new heaven and the new earth but redeemed perfectly.

Reflection: Have I Been Ethnocentric?

If we are honest with ourselves for a moment, whether from our upbringing, personal experiences, or plain ignorance, there are people from other cultures that we instinctively judge, feel superior to, dislike, or even hate. We know missionaries that will travel half the world away to serve another culture but speak disparagingly and condescendingly about people of another skin color in a different part of their own hometown.

I was brought up to ignorantly fear black people and hate Japanese people for what they did historically in China, and believe that ethnic Chinese people were somehow superior to all others. I’ve had bitterness in my heart from racist experiences with white people. It took years of seeing God’s heart in Scripture and repenting, befriending people from different cultures, learning different perspectives, and even living in another country to unlearn these prejudices from my upbringing and my sinful heart.

Reflecting on our own ethnocentrism can be challenging because our cultural values are deeply tied to our cultural identity and therefore our personal identity. It also requires us to be honest with our own motivations in serving overseas. It can be overwhelming to discover and admit pride, sin, or a sense of superiority towards other cultures, perhaps even the people God has called us to serve.

Our encouragement is this – honest reflection about our ethnocentrism is necessary and it is worth doing. At best, we have some blind spots that can be removed to help us be more loving and effective in our calling. At worst, there are some deeply rooted and sinful perspectives that we didn’t even know we had and they are directly sabotaging what we are trying to accomplish in serving across cultures.

The good news of the gospel is that Jesus knows our hearts and loves us, even if we aren’t aware of these sins or haven’t reconciled them yet.

As you reflect on the questions below, try to come before God with openness, honesty, and humility. Come in a posture of surrender and repentance. Ask the Holy Spirit to reveal hidden assumptions, pride, fear, or bitterness in your heart. Allow God to heal and change your heart! From that, we believe you will not only become a greater servant to the people you’re called to, but become more like Christ in his love for all peoples.

Reflection Questions

• What kinds of people or behaviors are you quickest to judge? What standards are you using to judge them?
• Are there ways you subtly view local believers as less capable, less mature, or less trustworthy than believers from your own culture? How do you react when local believers do something differently than you would?
• Have past wounds, stereotypes, or experiences shaped the way you see certain cultures or ethnicities?
• In what ways might pride, superiority, control, or a “savior mentality” be affecting your ministry?
• Where are you failing to have the Philippians 2 posture of considering others more significant than yourself?

Jenn and I (Steven) fought nearly every day for our first year on the field.

At the end of our first term of 2.5 years, we did a debrief and noted that second only to learning union with Christ, both of us said our marriage, and our co-leadership of the ministry and team together, was the thing we were most grateful for. It was nothing short of a miracle that the Lord did to bring us to that point from how fragile, disunified, and hostile we were to each other.

To us, men and women leading together is a critical element in seeing missions teams and ministries thrive and be effective. We’ve seen many husband and wife units that were not on the same page strain in their marriage and leave the field. We’ve seen solo male team leaders struggle to lead without the gifts that women leaders bring. We’ve seen many gifted, passionate women goers be underused and underappreciated on teams where male leaders did not know how to empower them, who have eventually left the field. Many of those situations would have greatly benefitted from a woman leader’s voice along with a male leader to bring guidance and resolution.

As Jenn contends in her post on Women in Leadership, the Great Commission needs women leaders, and missions teams and ministries are not realizing their potential when they fail to empower women to operate in their gifts and leadership.

This is not to say that missions teams with male team leaders will necessarily fail to be healthy or effective. Good leaders will learn how to shepherd, direct, and develop their teammates regardless of gender. We’ll write a future post about tips for men leading women. However, we’ve found it most effective when there is a level of men and women leading together for multiple reasons.

This post will generally be about men and women leading together on missions teams, whether as a married couple or as non-married co-leaders. We’ll have some guidelines specifically about husbands and wives leading together in the future.

Our Story

Jenn gives a pretty thorough version of her experience of discovering her leadership identity in the midst of navigating life overseas and being in our first year of marriage in her Women in Leadership post.

We were 6 months married when we launched to the field – not recommended. From my (Steven) side, the feeling I most experienced during that first year was overwhelmed. I had heard from experienced goers how difficult the field could be on a marriage, and wanted desperately to establish healthy foundations between me and Jenn.

But at the same time, I was completely in over my head with our transition to the field, leading a team, and starting a new ministry. On top of the ‘normal’ field transitions like learning language and dealing with culture stress, I had innumerable team leader responsibilities piled on as well, including finding visas, opening ministry opportunities, detailing crisis plans, and approving 9 units’ ministry expenses.

The stress and burden of all of that hit me like a ton of bricks. 

I had always expected and desired Jenn to be a ministry partner with me, but I didn’t know what it could look like, didn’t know how to communicate that, and didn’t know what types of barriers and insecurities she was dealing with. It took us about a year of getting through culture-stress and learning to communicate as a newly married couple before we began understanding each other. 

Since we are both incredibly stubborn, we were missing the truth that God had given each of us exactly the thing we needed in each other. I needed someone to help carry the vision and responsibility of the team. And Jenn wanted to be empowered to use her giftings according to her calling. Jenn met the women on our team 1-on-1 and was in charge of their development and shepherding. I looked for more opportunities to invite her into areas of leadership according to her gifting and clear the way for her as a leader within our sending organization and our church.

10 years later, we couldn’t imagine working in a different way. We debrief nearly every ministry thing together, even if it’s something that we’re doing completely independently. We include each other in every ministry partnership, and we elevate and complement each other’s strengths. And perhaps from the example that we’ve set, it’s standard for men and women on the teams we’ve raised up to partner and lead together in ministry.

Along the way, as we’ve figured out what works for us and coached other ministry and team leaders, we think that men and women leading together leads to the healthiest and most effective outcomes.

Theological Considerations

Before we jump into reasons why we think men and women leading and working together is important, we want to quickly address the theological considerations around this topic. We aren’t trying to convince anybody towards or against a theological stance on women in leadership.

What we do want to encourage you to do is to study the Word about what it says regarding women in leadership, women in ministry, and men and women working together. From that, form a position that can be communicated clearly to your team. Jenn gives her view in her post on women in leadership, so I won’t state that here. But I will reiterate that once you have established your biblical view on women in ministry, explicitly empower women towards everything that they CAN do. Even though it may not be vocalized by the women on your team, it’s likely that some are wondering about where they can fit in, and being clear and empowering will be appreciated. Encourage discussion with your whole team about where men and women can collaborate and team together.

We find the Coworkers Bible Study and Developing Female Leaders by Kadi Cole as helpful supplementary resources.

Why Is This Important?

Ultimately, why is this topic of men and women leading together important? The bottom line for us is that missions teams that fail to empower both the women and men on their team towards their most effective role in ministry and leadership are missing out. They are missing out on seeing the fullness of the body of Christ at work. They are missing out on ministry opportunities that are available when both men and women are fully empowered.

Here are some of the key reasons why men and women leading together on missions teams is extremely valuable. The first three points are from Steven and the last two are from Jenn.

Increased Access in Ministry Opportunities

Over 50% of unreached people are women. Whether through direct disciple-making ministry or in partnering with local believers towards movement, having women in ministry leadership together with men will multiply your team’s ministry opportunities.

One of the major steps in pursuing movement is finding a National Apostolic Visionary to partner with towards multiplication. In many locations in the 1040 window, societies tend to be patriarchal, with men commonly in leadership positions. It’s good and strategic for movement practitioners to try to partner with local male Christian leaders. But because these local leaders are already very busy, there can be barriers with their availability. And given that there are usually few fruitful believers to work with, other expat workers may desire to partner with them as well.

However, there can be abundant opportunities found in partnering with local women believers who may be more available and perhaps even emerging leaders that are underdeveloped and open to pursuing different methodologies. Naturally, these local women believers will feel more comfortable interacting in ministry with outsider trainers and coaches who are also women.

We’ve learned from other movement practitioners that women oftentimes are the earliest adopters of movement approaches and can be quicker to enter into pioneering spaces and endure persecution. These local women are then naturally able to access non-believing women who can be in highly inaccessible or even oppressive situations in patriarchal cultures. If we are failing to empower and create opportunities for the women on our teams to enter into ministry, we are potentially cutting in half the pool of laborers and leaders that could be equipped to engage the harvest.

This is anecdotal to our teams in Thailand, but of the different partnerships with Thai networks that we have, the most fruitful ones are with Thai women leaders. And to no one’s surprise, it is the women on our team that run point with those leaders – planning strategy, training believers, coaching leaders, and walking side-by-side with them. If we didn’t have women leaders on our teams, just as empowered and committed to the vision as the male team members, we would be greatly missing out on seeing more people hear and receive the gospel in Thailand.

In contrast, one male leader that I coach in the Middle East acutely felt the cultural gender barriers that exist in his country. Although there were local women that voiced their interest in knowing more about Jesus, it would be culturally inappropriate for him to invite them to a male or even mixed-gender Bible study, and there were no known women Bible studies in his city that he could invite them to.

When there are both men and women leading together and empowering the team, teams can appropriately seize the opportunities to interact with both men and women in ministry settings.

Plurality of Leadership and Improved Decision-Making

We’ve mentioned before that the multiple roles of the team leader can feel impossible – shepherd, manager, administrator, strategy coordinator, developer to name a few. In our experience, having multiple leaders share the burden can be a huge benefit to your team and ministry.

It’s generally understood that single women greatly outnumber single men on the missions field, with some ratios cited as high as 7-to-1. It’s extremely likely that you have more women than men on your team. However you structure it, having at least one woman leader will maximize the benefits of leadership plurality. Women leaders will better represent the perspectives and needs of the women on your team and in your ministry, helping the leaders make better decisions.

Increased Collaboration and Empowerment

Our initial team had 6 men and 7 women. I grew up with most of the guys on our team. I knew their strengths and weaknesses and knew what roles would maximize their giftings. I didn’t know the women as well and healthy boundaries kept me from knowing them as well as the male teammates. After Jenn began investing in the women teammates and getting to know them, it was much easier to empower them to their best roles and set them up for strong collaboration with the men on our team. Having Jenn step into a role of leadership catalyzed greater empowerment of the women on our team and fostered stronger collaboration between the male and female teammates.

Just by seeing me and Jenn model leading and working together, our teammates felt permission to do the same. The women teammates saw Jenn in leadership and were more willing to step into leadership and ministry opportunities they might have assumed were for men. Our teamwork increased as everyone was more fully enabled to operate in their best roles.

A critical responsibility of a team leader is to empower their people to operate to the fullest extent of their giftings and strengths. When we can do this for both men and women, a team is able to harness and operate in the gifts of the full body of Christ. When leadership is able to model both men and women working and leading together, this creates a culture that releases team members to take risks, practice their giftings, and to learn from and help each other as well.

Shepherding Without Crossing Boundaries

The intensity of cross-cultural living and ministry can stress those we lead to the point where deep sin tendencies begin to emerge. In these situations, people naturally become discouraged, lose vision, or can even fall into moral failure. Before they reach this point, leaders need to step and help them identify and address sins they are struggling with, and to find freedom and healing. 

Everyone may have different thresholds and boundaries when it comes to cross-gender leadership, but generally we would consider it inappropriate for leaders to cross genders in addressing deep sin issues, or even some relational or marriage issues. Additionally, the pitfalls when it comes to cross-cultural, cross-gender shepherding are even more risky. We have heard many stories of male missionaries who have talked directly to a wife in a local family and ruined the relationship with that family for bypassing the husband, or vice versa with female goers. So regardless of what tradition you come from, it’s important that you know your personal, team, and host culture’s boundaries and communicate them clearly so no one is left in an awkward or potentially dangerous situation! 

In our first few years on the field, the women on our team wrestled with suicidal thoughts, eating disorders, depression, marriage issues, and frustration with role, just to name a few. Each of these issues are extremely personal and requires careful handling. Unfortunately, no matter how well intentioned Steven was, there were certain boundaries that he couldn’t cross when it came to shepherding. But simply by being a woman, I was able to more naturally empathize with the woman on the team. To them, I felt safe, which allowed me to foster trust in order to ask the hard questions and be received as a source of help. However, while I was often “in the trenches” with the women, Steven’s strengths and gifts were also needed. He coordinated with professionals to create shepherding / health plans, building a framework for accountability and holistic healing. He advocated for them to our org and created spaces where they felt permission to work on their own health without shame. Steven and I were able to work together in ways that felt appropriate for the people on our team, and by God’s grace, many of these women have found freedom and continue to persevere in the work!

Generally, women leaders are able to build deeper relationships with national women and with women on their teams, and speak into heart issues that a man might not be able to as easily. Being able to shepherd a team deeply is critical to keeping people persevering in the work as they find freedom from “everything that hinders, and the sin that so easily entangles” (Hebrews 12:1).

Emotional Intelligence and Rapport

Both men and women image Christ in different ways, which often expresses itself in different ways in leadership. Corporate research also understands this dynamic. Multiple Harvard Business Review studies have concluded that women leaders generally excel in collaborative spaces, rapport-building, emotional intelligence, and empathetic thinking for others. Women are also often turned to in times of crises, trusted to exhibit more self-control and navigate difficult relational dynamics. But in some ministry leadership rooms, women can be more excluded and under-leveraged.

At its core, ministry centers around people. We team with people, we work with national partners, we try to love and serve people in a way that allows them to receive the gospel. In all these things, emotional intelligence, empathy, and collaboration are a strength that women tend to bring to the table. How many opportunities are we losing when we don’t harness the strengths of women leaders? How much more unified could our teams be? There is so much to gain through harnessing the unique contributions of women leaders.

Worth the Cost

From Adam and Eve to Priscilla and Aquila to Paul and his coworkers of men and women, we see in the Bible that there is a precedent of men and women leading and ministering together. In seeking this type of leadership dynamic, challenges will emerge. It might feel slow at first as you figure out new structures, new ways of communication, new ways of teaming.

But it’s worth the cost.

Men and women leading together allows for teams to realize the full potential of the body of Christ in order to access anyone who God has prepared to hear the gospel or be trained to make disciples.

Discussion Questions

Here are some questions you can use to discuss and pray through how you might be able to empower the men and women on your teams toward greater co-leadership and collaboration with one another.

• What feelings arise when you think about men and women leading together? What excites you, and what tensions do you notice? Why?
• Looking at your current leadership context, are both men and women represented in leadership roles and decision-making spaces?
• What roles do men and women play on your team? How does cross-gender collaboration and teamwork currently function?
• How might empowering both men and women leaders expand your access to the people you are ministering to?
• Are team members and national partners positioned to thrive in their callings, strengths, and gifts? Why or why not?
• Is there someone you sense the Spirit is inviting you to intentionally elevate and develop as a leader?
• What specific changes could you make to strengthen collaboration and teamwork between men and women leaders on your team?

I: Be Barnabas – Intro + Mint’s Story
II: Why Be Barnabas?
III: Who was Barnabas from the Bible?
IV: Be Barnabas – What is a NAV?

V: Be Barnabas – How to Find a NAV?

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In our previous post, we introduced how a goer might start the process of networking and finding potential NAVs to partner with. Many times, goers will have some initial connections but find themselves stuck with the question – “How do I know who I should spend time with?”

So much of it is listening to the Holy Spirit about who we should spend our time with, but in this post we’ll share a process that our team created to filter through contacts, develop relational trust, and eventually partner closely with multiple different NAVs in our country towards catalyzing movements.

NAV Partnership Process and Scoreboard

As our team started networking with different national leaders, as well as asking each one if they could recommend 5 others to meet with, our list of potential NAVs quickly ballooned to 20+ leaders. And we were asking the question above – who do we spend time with? Who are the people that God has prepared to multiply and that we should invest in? We needed some kind of way to evaluate our fit with each of these leaders, and a process to narrow down who we should eventually partner with.

The image above is of the NAV Partnership Process Scoreboard. You can download the entire template with this link and start filling it in with your contacts. This is a great process to go through together with your teammates as well to share with them which leads you all have. Some of the goal-setting language is from the 4 Disciplines of Execution, which basically helps you to focus in on a goal to have the highest impact, and set up some processes around it to help you be accountable to the goal you’ve set. If this kind of thing floats your boat, there’s a shorter book summary you can read here, or just buy the book, but it’s not necessary to understand the NAV Partnership Process.

The process follows three stages, from bottom to top.

Identify Stage

The Identify Stage is largely where you’ll network with leaders and have initial conversations asking questions like we mention in the “How to Find a NAV” post. The three steps include:

1. We know each other – whether from cold contact at a church or an introduction from a mutual connection, the local leader knows your name and you have each other’s phone numbers, hopefully with a time to meet together in the near future. There might be certain leaders who you know about but you’ve never met, but we’d have a hard time counting them among our potential NAVs list if we’ve never even met them and they don’t know who we are!
   
2. Two-way vision cast – You’ve asked the all-important question, “What is the vision God has given you?” and have heard them share. And you’ve also been able to share about who you are, why you’re there, and at least some about your heart for seeing multiplication happen.
   
3. Fulfills NAV qualifications – this may take several meetings to discover and is somewhat subjective to your personal evaluation of each of these qualities. We expanded on what most of these mean in the “What is a NAV” post, but ultimately, it will be up to your insight, discussing with teammates and coaches, and listening to the Holy Spirit to decide if these potential NAVs fulfill the qualifications. And we’ll often use a red-yellow-green framework in evaluating, meaning green is that they clearly fit that quality, yellow is “we don’t know yet”, and red is a clear barrier.

A couple of things to note about evaluating someone’s NAV qualifications: don’t be too narrow in your interpretation of these qualities and cross someone out too quickly. We’ve given some short example stories of how different goers have found their NAV partners, and hopefully you’ve gleaned that partnership with a NAV can happen in a lot of different and unexpected ways. For example, some goers we’ve coached have initially excluded certain leaders because it wasn’t immediately clear that they were excited about CPM methodology. However, those national leaders had a desire to make disciples and plant churches. Be patient! Giving that vision for multiplication may be exactly the thing that God has you there to help them with! CPM approaches could be a relatively new idea for some leaders. If they are a clear red and have barriers to partnership in a certain area, then mark them as such, but it can take time to get to know someone’s heart after that initial meeting, which is why we encourage you to take this as a process.

On that note, a newer leader could also emerge as a NAV as you spend time with them. Even if they don’t initially have a big vision but have some outward focus, they could have their vision and faith stretched as you spend time training them and showing them God’s heart from the Bible. Or, they might have some dormant apostolic giftings that aren’t apparent and will come out when given an opportunity to enter the harvest and pioneer some new works.

On the flip side, be discerning with leaders who seemingly say all the right things initially. More than a few times, we meet charismatic leaders that are excited about multiplication, that seem excited to partner with us, and want to introduce us to a lot of people. But as we invite them to be trained or to implement some movement tools, they end up not actually wanting to for whatever reason. Just like in the Bible, sometimes God brings an amazing leader out of nowhere, and those that look shiny and charismatic have different barriers that keep them from embracing multiplication. As you meet people, continue to listen to the Holy Spirit’s guidance!

Access vs. Implementation NAVs

In the Identify Stage is also where we’ll mention that we will distinguish between two different types of NAVs – access NAVs and implementation NAVs.

As our team was looking for national leaders that had these qualifications, we started running into two different types of leaders that both fulfilled the NAV qualities but looked very different and were able to help us in different ways.

An Access NAV is someone who fulfills the NAV qualifications and is excited about the vision of multiplication, but may be too busy with current leadership and ministry responsibilities to begin directly implementing CPM tools. However, they will have influence over a large network and give you access to be able to train those under them. They are the gatekeepers who open the door to networks of believers, where you can begin training and looking for the Implementation NAVs that will practically engage with catalyzing multiplication. Many times, these access NAVs will be high-level leaders and pastors over a large church or a large ministry, be great visionaries and recruiters, and can be more obviously charismatic and experienced leaders. These types of leaders are essential to build relational trust with, as open doors from them greatly increases the trust you have with those you’re training and even provides a layer of filtering / recruiting from their influence that you wouldn’t otherwise have.

An Implementation NAV is a NAV who is willing to start implementing CPM tools and training, both personally and with those that they lead. They will not only come to a training, but begin to enter the harvest, share the gospel, make disciples, and plant churches. Sometimes these are newer or under utilized leaders who have the vision and faith to multiply, but have not yet stepped into a position with significant influence or have not yet been equipped to make disciples and multiply. Ultimately, you’re looking to find these Implementation NAVs who will dive in and do the work of multiplying disciples and churches!

As an example, the church network that we partner with has both of these types of leaders in different roles. After spending the first few years doing some simple disciple-making trainings with college students and casting vision with leaders, we finally met the head of church planting over their network, Pastor W. Since we had spent the time and relational investment gaining trust with other leaders in the church, we established trust quickly with Pastor W.

Pastor W had been in church planting ministry for longer than we had been alive, and he famously would run his cars into the ground and have to switch cars once every two years because of how often he would drive around rural areas visiting different church planters and church plants. He told us, “I know how to plant churches, and I know how to disciple people and send them out. But I don’t know how to get them to disciple others! In 30 years of church planting, very few of my church plants have been able to plant another church.” He had the vision, the gifting, and the experience that far surpassed anything our team could ever hope to have, but our small role was to bring some simple, biblical tools and come alongside Pastor W and the faithful church planters in his network.

After casting vision for CPM, Pastor W was excited and immediately gave our team access to two of his best church planters who he said we should start piloting with. One of those was Mint, who was a pretty new church planter but had started as the church secretary! We share more about Mint’s story in our first Be Barnabas post. Initially, it wasn’t clear that Mint was a NAV, but Pastor W was clearly an access NAV and we were excited to start piloting CPM implementation in rural areas. But as Mint’s fruitfulness went from one church of 15 people to 5 house churches of 80 people in 6 months, we started to realize that she was an implementation NAV! As we had the opportunity to empower her and cast vision, the latent apostolic giftings and big vision that the Lord had given her had an opportunity to come to the surface! Fast forward a few more years and she is currently the regional leader of church planting over the least reached region of Thailand, and has discipled and sent out church planting teams to 11 other provinces!

In short, both access NAVs and implementation NAVs are important. An access NAV gives you access to a group of believers to train, and an implementation NAV will begin practically using CPM tools to catalyze a movement.

Develop Stage

After the initial Identify Stage, you want to continue investing time and getting to know these potential NAVs in the Develop Stage, where you’re developing trust and relationship and trying to identify the best candidates to partner with. You may not know if a potential NAV fulfills the qualities you’re looking for until late into the Develop Stage.

4. Two-way ministry involvement – this simply means that they’ve come to a ministry thing that you’re doing, and you’ve gone to a ministry thing that they run. For you, it could be as simple as attending the church service or a small group at their church. For the potential NAVs, it would be something like coming to a training you’re running, or going out into the harvest together. This step is important because it helps you see if there’s actual commitment to multiplication in what they do in these ministry settings, as opposed to potentially saying the ‘right things’ in a coffee meeting but not being willing to implement.
   
5. Willing to pilot with us – If you’re 80%+ sure that they fulfill the NAV qualifications, you’ve prayed and listened to the Holy Spirit, and you’ve been in some ministry settings with them, then you can offer to run a pilot training with them and / or the people in their network. We highly recommend a pilot training or even a series of pilot trainings, because this is truly where you’ll be able to see if this NAV or their network is the right fit to partner with. If there’s significant buy-in, engagement in the harvest, and even initial multiplication fruit, you know it’s a good sign that they are the people you’re supposed to work with! If there are significant barriers, then at the end of the pilot, you can have an honest conversation with the leader about whether it’s right to continue on or not. In this step, you should offer a pilot training, explain to the leader what the training will look like, how long it will go and how often you will train, and what kind of expectations you’re expecting from the group that’s being trained (e.g. enter the harvest x amount of times, try to obey the goals that are set from the training, etc.). For our team, we offer a pilot of 4 trainings that happen once a month, that each last about 3-6 hours depending on the context:
   • Training 1 – God’s Heart for Multiplication (Matthew 28), Multiplication Cycle, Entry (Luke 10), Simple Sharing Tool (411)
   • Training 2 – Abide in Christ, How to lead someone to faith, Discovery Bible Group Tool
   • Training 3 – Review, New Believer Discipleship, Baptism Tool
   • Training 4 – Simple House Church Training, Team Meeting (3/3s), Vision for Multiplication

This training outline is where we’ve landed after probably hundreds of trainings over the last several years, and has gone through a lot of different innovations from the amount of time (over 10 or 12 weeks vs. once a month), trainings in an afternoon vs. a 3-day training camp that includes going out into the harvest, and many different topics! Figure out what works for you, but in general, it’s important to start with a vision for multiplication and tools for entering the harvest and sharing. From there, it depends on what the Lord decides to do with the group! If you’re interested in taking any of our training or tools to use in your context, please reach out and let us know at contact@missionsleaders.com! There’s also a ton of other CPM tools available, some of which you can see on our Resources page under CPM.

6. “Bought-in” and willing to partner – After the pilot trainings, it should be pretty clear whether this is a good group to partner with and continue training. Even if there isn’t a lot of fruit, you can usually tell if the group is excited to make disciples and obeying, or if there’s a lot of push-back and it may be time to move on for now. Part of it is just practical – if you’ve given them initial training and they haven’t done anything with it, it doesn’t make sense to train them with tools further in the process. If they’ve tried things and they’re not effective, then it’s a good idea for you to bring different tools and approaches to try to address these barriers.

Partnership Stage

Finally, after you’ve completed the pilot trainings and evaluated them with the leader, you can mutually decide to partner together towards catalyzing multiplication! The entire NAV Partnership Process will take more time in the initial stages of your ministry, especially as you’re continuing to improve in language and learn cultural cues. Again, the timing of things is dependent on the Holy Spirit – you could meet your key partner in one of your first meetings, or it may take several years of training and networking to meet the right partner. But hopefully, this process gives you and your team some clear focus and potential steps to find and filter for a partner.

As you find an initial NAV to partner with, hopefully as you invest time with them, your relationship and trust with them and your vision for multiplication will grow! Especially as they begin to see fruit, they will connect you with other leaders and networks and you’ll operate out of the trust they give to you through that connection. The process of subsequent trainings and partnerships will probably go faster.

To answer the question at the beginning – “how do I know who I should spend time with?” – we asked other experienced movement practitioners this same question almost every time we had an opportunity. This is an important question because as a movement practitioner your most limited resource is your time.

One experienced worker told us, at the beginning, as you network with a lot of people, be willing to spend at least some time with anyone who would obey something. Even if that was as simple as sharing a testimony, or obeying an “I Will” statement from reading the Bible, some sign of obedience meant that it was worth it to explore if they were the Faithful, Available, Teachable (FAT) type of person that he should invest in. In my opinion, a new believer that is FAT and obedient to the Word is honestly preferable to a charismatic leader that says all the right things but isn’t willing to do anything.

As people see more fruit and multiplication moves forward, you should focus your time on the most fruitful while being willing to help everyone else. It’s somewhat counter-intuitive, as many times leaders tend to want to help the lowest common denominator and don’t give the fruitful few the help that they need. Chapter 1 of the classic book, Master Plan of Evangelism elaborates on this, that Jesus selected from his followers the 12 Apostles (Mark 6:13-17), and even within them spent focused time on the three, Peter, James, and John. As Coleman points out, “Jesus devoted most of His remaining life on earth to these few disciples. He literally staked His whole ministry upon them.”

All it takes is finding one faithful National Apostolic Visionary leader that God has prepared in order to literally change the eternal trajectory of an unreached people or place. Are you willing to invest the time, effort, and servant-hearted posture to find these men and women that God has prepared? Even if it takes years of time, countless coffee meetings, and dozens or even hundreds of trainings and times modeling going out in the harvest to find this leader, will we stake our whole ministry on a single NAV that God wants to use to catalyze a movement?