Guest Contributor: John C.*

In this post, one of our friends and co-workers will answer the question – ‘Why Be Barnabas?’ through Barnabas’ example in Scripture and his personal experience.

We are defining ‘Be Barnabas’ as the role of the outsider in finding, equipping, and empowering a national apostolic visionary (NAV) who is a cultural insider to catalyze movements. Additionally, the vast majority of movements have been started by these near culture or cultural insider NAVs that receive coaching and training from outsiders.

John C. is a team leader in Southeast Asia pursuing movements among the unreached and is passionate about his team’s role of Being Barnabas to national partners in their ministry to multiply.

*name changed for security reasons

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As goers pursuing movements, we often look at Acts 13, with Antioch as Paul’s sending base, and the point in the Acts narrative where the Gospel begins to explode across Asia and Europe.

We want to see something similar in this generation and it’s helpful to not just see what happened, but where it came from. So to that end, let’s look together at the community in Antioch before Acts 13, and see what we can learn from one person in particular, Barnabas.

So we’re going to focus on just a few observations, and ask: What can we learn from Barnabas and his community about helping others reach the unreached around them?

Let’s look at Acts 11:22-26.

The report of this came to the ears of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas to Antioch. When he came and saw the grace of God, he was glad, and he exhorted them all to remain faithful to the Lord with steadfast purpose, for he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And a great many people were added to the Lord. So Barnabas went to Tarsus to look for Saul, and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. For a whole year they met with the church and taught a great many people. And in Antioch the disciples were first called Christians.

Acts 11:22-26

Sent from the Church to the Church

The first thing we see in verse 22: Barnabas was sent. Just like many of those reading, Barnabas was a missionary. But there are so many different roles and we need to ask ourselves, what’s our specific role? What is God’s calling for me in his work?

Barnabas was sent, from the church, to the church! Barnabas didn’t find out about the work by himself, but the news was delivered to the church in Jerusalem, who decided for Barnabas to go to do something for the believers in Antioch. What was his purpose?

Rejoice to Witness the Grace of God

What was Barnabas’ purpose in being sent to Antioch? In verse 23, ‘when he arrived and witnessed the grace of God, he rejoiced and began to encourage them all with resolute heart to remain true to the Lord.’

When my wife and I finished multiple years of language school, we were feeling great: we could now speak the local language like a 6-year old, and so it was decided we should start taking on more ministry responsibility. One of the first things we did was join a small group at our partner church. It was mostly college students, and the leader of the small group had a previous relationship with some of our teammates. Our task was to help her to help the small group make disciples. Easy peasy!

Our first week at the small group went like this: first, we try for 10 minutes to get a taxi during rush hour traffic. I have to fumble through the name of the college where the small group meets and anxiously hope the driver knows where that is. We sit in traffic for an hour to go 3 miles. We are off to a GREAT start. But we finally make it! And on time! 

Buuuuuut, everyone is 20–30 minutes late. We sit waiting in a badminton court for someone to arrive and open the shipping container where the group meets. Finally, people start trickling in and we have to do the whole small talk thing, but again, language:

“My name is John.”

“Do you like food?”

That’s about all I can say at that point – we’re totally winning people over left and right. Then, and this next part is kind of a blur, we played icebreaker games for an hour, sang worship songs for an hour, prayed in tongues for a few minutes, and someone read a short Bible devotional out loud. Then we all hung out eating snacks for another half hour. I was livid. What the heck were we even DOING?! I thought, NONE of this would lead to movement.

When Barnabas arrives in Antioch, he sees the grace of God and what does he do? He REJOICES. Antioch wasn’t perfect. Later on, we read about controversy between the Jewish-Background Believers and the Gentiles that require the apostles’ attention to resolve. They for sure had issues. Yet, Barnabas rejoices. He recognizes the church for what it is: the grace of God.

Where our team lives, there are only 800 believers for a population of 2.5 million Muslims. You’d have to talk to 3,125 people before meeting someone who could tell you about Jesus.

And there I was, sitting with a dozen college students who know Jesus, know the culture, know the language, have the Spirit, have the Scriptures, are loving each other, and I’m angry. Because it’s not done the way I think it should be done. Because it’s not “reproducible”, “missional”, or whatever.

If you’ve read all the CPM/DMM books, or have a seminary degree, or whatever else – none of that matters if you are unable to rejoice at the sight of the church, even if it doesn’t look the way you think it should.

Yes, in all churches, there are valid criticisms and things to grieve that are not right, but the repentance we move towards comes from a salvation that erupts into JOY. So, if our interactions with the church, wherever your local context is, are marked more by criticism than by joy, then we have to ask ourselves whether we desire to see the grace of God, or the law of missions methodology.

Our goal is to empower believers in the local church to catalyze movements, but perhaps the first thing that gets in the way of us even entering into relationships with local believers is our attitude about them and our opinions about what the local church should or should not be doing.

You are definitely going to run into situations that don’t line up with what your tradition or training holds as obedience to the Scriptures, and you’ll have to wrestle with that. I have no solutions for you, only an exhortation to be like Barnabas and rejoice at the sight of God’s grace.

The Most Effective Disciple-Makers Among the Unreached

If you look at the largest unengaged, unreached people groups on Joshua Project, there are 33 UUPGs with more than 10 million people. Of the 33 largest UUPGs, all but 2 have a numerous, local church in the same country. That means for the largest UUPGs, almost all of them have tens of thousands, even hundreds of thousands of believers right next door. With the growth of the Church in the global South, and with globalization bringing people from everywhere to everywhere, chances are that there are national or near culture believers somewhere in proximity of the unreached that we’re trying to see reached with the gospel.

Using my country as an example, a worker did a huge study in 2008 looking at how churches grew in our country. Working through loads of statistical and survey data gathered by in-person visits to 80% of the churches in the country, he uncovered some interesting observations:

• Statistically, no group is more receptive to the gospel than others.
• A local person is 700 times more likely to follow Jesus if they have a Christian relative.
• And someone living in a village with a church is 100 times more likely to become a Christian.

Furthermore, 70% of all believers said that the main influence in their turning to Jesus was not a missionary or even a church leader, but a lay person – another local believer.

Let’s consider ourselves as outsiders. We are not related to anybody in our overseas contexts. We are not the local church – we speak a different language, have a different background, have different ways of doing things.

Compare that to the typical local believer. They have relatives and relationships in that country. They are part of the local church. And they don’t carry the associations people have with “missionaries”. They are an order of magnitude more likely to lead someone to Jesus, not to mention the quality of the discipleship after conversion.

For me, the key takeaway is that the most effective disciple-makers among the unreached are local believers!

Bringing Movement through the Local Church and Local Believers

We are well-served to take a humble, yet critical eye to findings like this, but the sheer volume of the data in this study does force us to consider: the local church might be the very vehicle that God wants to use to bring a movement of multiplying churches through the proclamation of the Gospel, and not us directly.

I was talking with my teammates last week, and one of them said, “Any time I go out sharing it is hard to know if the person is just interested in my white skin or actually interested in what I am talking about. My skin color can often be a barrier to deeper heart conversations with non-believers.”

That’s a hard pill to swallow for our Western sensibilities, that what we look like and where we come from could be an obstacle to spiritual conversations across the world. Then, what can we do?

Barnabas Encouraged The Church

Let’s look at what Barnabas does next: ‘[he] began to encourage them all with resolute heart to remain true to the Lord.’ Let’s note 1) who he encourages and 2) what he encourages them towards.

First, Barnabas encourages them ALL. He doesn’t just encourage some select few, isolated from the community as a whole. He doesn’t just focus on whomever meets some arbitrary list of man-made criteria, subject to cultural norms or internal biases. He doesn’t just focus on those who have “already started a movement”. He encourages the whole church, and everyone in it, with all their beautifully unique wirings, giftings, diversity, whether from Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria or any other part of the world.

Barnabas doesn’t limit himself when it comes to those that God can use.

Steven likes to quote Ratatouille here: Anton Ego at the end of the movie writes, ”In the past, I have made no secret of my disdain for Chef Gusteau’s famous motto: Anyone can cook. But I realize, only now do I truly understand what he meant. Not everyone can become a great artist, but a great artist can come from anywhere.” In the same way, we encourage the whole church, because we don’t know who God is planning to use to start a movement. Not everyone will be a movement leader and that’s OK, but a movement leader can come from anywhere in the body of Christ.

The Lord can use anyone to do his work. After all, he has chosen to use you and me!

Encouraged to Abide

What does Barnabas encourage them all towards? ‘With resolute heart to remain true to the Lord’. In Barnabas’ encouragement, he doesn’t point them to fruit they’re seeing. He’s not bringing some new, crazy effective discipleship tool. He doesn’t even have a super cool vision statement, or three-point, alliterated presentation on church-planting strategy.

He points them to Jesus.

I like the way Darrell Bock translates this: “abide in the Lord with a devoted heart.” Barnabas encourages the believers in Antioch to abide in Jesus. Why does he do this? Because he was a good man and full of the Holy Spirit and faith.

Many of us have heard, ‘character precedes calling.’ Your character matters, your maturity matters, your dependence on the Spirit and understanding of who God is – not just knowledge about who he is – but your relationship and believing in him. All these things are fundamental to you being one sent to help spark movements of the church around the world. In Being Barnabas, one of our primary roles is to encourage the disciple-makers among the unreached to abide in Jesus.

What happens as a result? Considerable numbers were added to the Lord. Barnabas is a pretty great guy: we just read that he was ‘good’, which is the ONLY time in Acts someone is called good. None of the apostles get that kind of description. He was FULL of the Holy Spirit. He was FULL of faith.

Of course big things are going to happen now that this guy shows up, right? Well, they do and they don’t: instead of going to Antioch and doing everything himself, Barnabas set it upon himself to go to the local believers, rejoice with them and encourage them to abide in Jesus. And then, the Lord continued to build his church.

My invitation to you is this: embrace your role as an outsider, and encourage, equip, and empower the local church to reach the unreached around them.

Barnabas and Saul

How do we do that? Let’s finish this last part of Acts 11.

To recap: Christians on the run from persecution make their way to Antioch, and some of them, Cypriots and Cyreneans start to share the Gospel with Greeks, Gentiles. The Lord brings many to faith, and the church in Jerusalem sends Barnabas, also from Cyprus, to check it out. He’s ecstatic at what’s going on and encourages the believers to abide in the Lord, and things continue to blow up.

What does Barnabas do next after visiting Antioch? He goes and gets the guy who was there when Stephen was stoned 3 chapters ago, sparking the persecution that forced the believers to flee in the first place: Barnabas goes to Tarsus to get Paul (v. 25). Why does Barnabas get Paul?

Let’s remember Paul’s story: after Paul’s conversion, he goes to Damascus and proclaims Jesus. He has to run from the Jews, so he makes his way to Jerusalem, where he tries to get in with the disciples, but they’re all still petrified of him. Who should advocate for him, but our dear friend, Barnabas? He ‘takes hold’ of Paul, believes him, and Barnabas brings him before the apostles and backs him up and shares his story, that Jesus called him ‘to bear My name before the Gentiles and kings and the sons of Israel’.

What does Paul do in Jerusalem? He continues to speak boldly, this time reaching out to Jews with a Greek background, the Hellenistic Jews. This gets him in trouble again, which leads to him being sent to Tarsus. Then, after some time, Barnabas shows up to bring him to Antioch.

Barnabas Listened and Connected

But of all the people to get, why Paul? Because Barnabas listened.

Barnabas listened to what Paul said about his calling to the Gentiles.
Barnabas listened to what Paul was doing in Damascus and Jerusalem.
Barnabas listened to what God was wanting to do in Antioch.

And Barnabas connected all of that together, that Paul was called to the Gentiles, and that the Spirit was now at work grafting them in, first through Philip, then through Peter, and now in Antioch. That’s why he went to get Paul.

Barnabas connected the need of the church with the calling of those around him. The need among the unreached is national apostolic visionaries who will catalyze movements – as Barnabas, we can connect local believers called and gifted in this way to principles and opportunities that can help them fulfill their calling.

Barnabas Spent Time with Paul

Back to Barnabas and Paul. Is it that simple? Just moving the right people to the right places? We read in verse 26, ‘for an entire year they met with the church and taught considerable numbers of people.’

Barnabas spent time. He didn’t just bring Paul and dump him in Antioch; for an entire year, they served together, spent time together, did ministry and lived life together. Mobilization is so much more than a class, or a conference, a video, or a training. It’s good to have all those things and they all have their place and purpose, but the kind of encouragement, equipping, and empowering that is required to see movements? That takes time. And being with each other.

In fact, after that year, Barnabas and Saul go on a short-term trip to deliver relief to the churches in Judea suffering from a famine. They come back and we don’t see them until another chapter, Acts 13, where they are sent out on the first missionary journey. Then after that journey, we read in Acts 14:28 that they spent ‘no little time with the disciples.’ Commentaries differ on how long Saul was in Tarsus vs Antioch, but adding his time in the 2 cities together, it was at least a decade between his conversion and his being sent out, and Barnabas was a part of his life the entire time.

Helping the local church pursue movement among the unreached isn’t fast – but I’m convinced that it is better.

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Conclusion

Acts 11 gives us a very clear outline of what Barnabas did which leads us to understand why we should follow Barnabas’ example today.

Why Be Barnabas? 

Because Barnabas was sent from the church to the church. To encourage the church towards abiding. To rejoice in the grace of God.

Because Barnabas found Paul, by listening, connecting, and spending time with Paul to empower him to catalyze multiplication in the first century.

Because the most effective disciple makers among the unreached are local or near culture believers. 

Because the vast majority of movements are started from near culture or cultural insider NAVs (Paul) with coaching and training from outsiders (Barnabas). To see movements started among the unreached, our role as outsiders is to Be Barnabas.

Questions for Reflection

• From Barnabas’ example, what aspects of his ministry and character would you want to model your approach after?
• Would you consider shifting your role to support and empower national believers? Why or why not?
• Are there local or near-culture believers in proximity to where you are among the unreached? Could you consider partnering with them? Why or why not? What obstacles might exist?
• What’s your perspective or attitude about the local church in your area? Is it primarily critical or rejoicing like Barnabas? Why?

“Strategy” is a frequently used word in missions leadership, maybe because of the parallels between missions and military situations. It’s often expected that team leaders would be ‘strategic’ in their ministry plans and leadership of their teams. For some leaders, they hear the word ‘strategy plan’ and they get really excited. Others might hear it and think, ‘that’s overwhelming, I’ll never be able to create a strategy and I don’t even know where to start.’ 

This is a two-part guide for how to write a Strategy Plan for your ministry. In this first part, I want to just define a few things about strategy and some of the information that needs to be gathered before you write a strategy plan. In the second part, we’ll have a step-by-step guide for how to write a Strategy Plan.

This guide is intended primarily for field team leaders pursuing movements among the unreached, but I think it can be adapted for many different ministry contexts. This was developed when we expanded from one team that Jenn and I led into 3 teams in early 2020, and we needed to help our new team leaders create their own strategy plans. I had to switch from thinking about strategy more intuitively and instead think of how any team leader, regardless of their natural aptitudes, could create a basic strategy plan for their ministry and their team.

Vision vs. Strategy vs. Tactics

The dictionary definition of strategy is – a plan of action designed to accomplish an overall goal within certain conditions. It’s important to distinguish vision (the end goal) from strategy (the plan) and tactics (the actions you do to fulfill the plan). Your vision (e.g. multiplying movements among this unreached people group) should be heavily prayed over and considered even before you launch to the field – it should very rarely change unless something very drastic happens or God speaks in a very clear way. You should be confident, clear, and committed enough to the vision God has given to you to be willing to give your life for it.

Strategy is the plan that you use to get from where you are to the vision that God has given you; it should be revisited and reworked probably 1-3 times a year to get a big picture view of how it’s going and how to plan to move forward. Tactics are the day-to-day and week-to-week actions that you do to accomplish your strategic objectives, and can change just as frequently.

What Strategy Is and Isn’t

Before we jump into the step-by-step guide, I wanted to bring some clarity to what I think strategy is and is not. Strategic thinking can quickly go from helpful tool to unhelpful pitfall if we’re not careful.

• Strategy is not primary. Even though I personally love strategy and my mind is drawn to it, I think we can assign far too much value to strategic thinking and strategy plans, particularly for Westerners. Give me a leader with godly character who is able to listen to the Holy Spirit and is humble to learn, over a strategic thinker without those things, every time. The best man-made strategies cannot compare to a godly leader obedient to the Spirit.
• Strategy is not meant to be perfect. The goal should never be to have a perfect plan. Ministry is messy because ministry involves people, including you and me! Therefore, we should hold our plans relatively loosely, and not get upset when our strategies don’t end up working out. But going through the process of thinking and planning can help you to understand what’s going well and what isn’t working, as well as other important aspects (more below). From experience, our plans have never really worked out how I originally thought it would, but we’ve seen God more often than not fulfill the goals and objectives that He was giving us. It feels like He is simultaneously reminding us that He is in charge, and showing His faithfulness to do what He leads us towards!
• Strategy is not as simple as copying someone else’s. You cannot carbon copy someone else’s strategy. This is a pitfall for a lot of people working towards CPM: they think, ‘well this strategy or training worked there, so it’s going to work here!’ The place you’re going to is unreached because of the difficult barriers to the gospel and to multiplication. Each context is unique because people groups and cultures are complex, so having a cookie-cutter approach between different contexts rarely works. It’s fine to mimic some of the things you learn from other places – most of the tools and lessons we use in Thailand are totally ripped off from other places in the world.

Strategy is not primary, won’t be perfect, and shouldn’t be copied, but it’s still a powerful tool when we have the right perspective:

• Strategy is important. Even though strategy plans won’t be perfect, it’s still an important endeavor and a helpful tool in your ministry. It’s the pathway for how you want to get to the vision God has given you, and it helps to create good expectations for your team. One of the questions we got the most from our teammates was, “Are we doing the right thing?” Crafting a strategy plan helps you and your team to move forward with focus, to thoughtfully learn from and adjust to your mistakes, and gives you clarity in what you’re asking God for in faith-filled prayer. 
• Strategy is doable. You don’t need to be an amazing ‘strategist’ in order to create a basic strategy plan. It shouldn’t be overly complicated or it will cease to be helpful. If you’re willing to learn, to listen to the Holy Spirit, and to put in some of the time and effort to write things down, a strategy plan will be a helpful tool for you and your team.
• Strategy requires continued learning and adapting. Whether a new team leader or an experienced one, you will never have all the information you need to create a perfect plan. There will always be mistakes, missteps, and places where you’re downright wrong, and a good leader will learn from failing forward. God’s ways are not our ways (Isa. 55:8-9), and that’s good! If you’ve learned from the actions you’ve taken, then you’re well on your way to figuring out what will work. And, there are others that have gone before that can help you – learn from them!

Information Gathering

Before we jump into the steps for writing a strategy plan, there’s two areas that require some learning and information gathering: principles and context.

Learn the Principles

Ministry principles are the building blocks for your ministry plan. A principle is something that is true regardless of context. Our ministry philosophy and strategic plan uses CPM principles.

As much as possible, we try to adhere to these principles and keep these in mind when we’re forming our strategy plan and tactics. When making ministry decisions, we’ll ask – is this simple and reproducible? Is this in line with Scripture? Are we sowing broadly?

For movement practitioners, it’s essential to know these principles and study the different ways these principles can be applied in different contexts. The more you can learn from others that are doing or have seen success in a similar ministry as you, the more you’ll build your database of knowledge and be able to form strategy appropriately.

Principles are different from applications – this is an important distinction in strategy. For example, broad sowing is an important principle for multiplication, but the application of broad sowing can look different in different contexts.

For us, 3 Circles is a gospel sharing tool that we learned and used in the US. In our first training group with Thai disciple-makers, we trained them in how to use 3 Circles. After 3+ months of going onto the college campus as a team and sharing 3 Circles over 200 times with almost no success, we asked our Thai partners, ‘is this a good tool for sharing in Thailand?’ They told us, ‘No, it isn’t!’ There were too many differences in worldview for 3 Circles to make sense to someone from a Buddhist background, so we needed to pick an application that was more contextually appropriate.

It can also be helpful to learn from and use different ministry models to guide your strategic planning. We use this Multiplication Cycle adapted from other models with our partners in Thailand, but there are many other models out there like 4 Fields or the T4T Three Thirds Process. There’s a ton of resources out there, and you can find some of them on our Resources page.

Investigate your Context

Now that you’ve studied and understood the ministry principles and models that you want to use – here comes the hard part! How do I apply this in my context? What are the best methods, practices, and rhythms of training, coaching, evangelism, discipleship, and church planting among your people group?

Before you launch, and as you’re there, learn as much as you can about your context and people. In the 2 years before we launched to Thailand, I had Joshua Project opened on my computer and Operation World on my desk, and I prayed through a different UPG a day in Thailand before we ever moved there. Learn about the culture, the gospel barriers, the history of Christianity in that country if there’s anything. Try to identify where the major barriers and opportunities are. Meet people from that country and ask a ton of questions about their upbringing and culture and context (ethnographic interviews can be a helpful tool to ask good questions). Try to meet other like-minded goers that have been there for a while, even better if they’re movement focused as well.

It’s difficult to create a strategy plan with the right applications when you haven’t learned the principles and the context. Again, you won’t have perfect knowledge, so ministry strategy requires experimentation and innovation. Ultimately, none of us as outsiders will have the cultural understanding that an insider will be, so partnering with national believers can be one of the most effective approaches in cross-cultural ministry – we call this ‘Being Barnabas’ and will write a future post about it!

Write your Strategy Plan!

From there, you can start to write up a strategy plan (part 2!). It’s a good practice to write a strategy plan before you even launch, but just hold that loosely because there’s so much you learn just by being on the ground there. When you get there, you want to learn as much as possible and write down what you learn. We had our team brainstorm 50 questions in 10 different categories that they’d try to ask different types of people over the first 2 years – some of the categories were about religion, culture, Church history, barriers to the gospel, spiritual environment, urban vs. rural, etc. 

It’s a good idea to revisit the strategy plan after you finish language school and before you start to jump into full-time ministry engagement, maybe 1-2 years after you’ve been there, depending on how long language learning is for you. Then probably evaluate your strategy plan once again after your first season of ministry as you’ve tried some stuff out.

Strategy is a tool that can help bring clarity, but it doesn’t determine your success. No one ever got to movement because of perfect man-made strategy; God alone determines when and if movements start. And the Holy Spirit is the driver and the guide – if you look at Paul’s journeys in Acts, you can clearly see some strategic aspects of how Paul operates – like going to synagogues before engaging Gentiles (Acts 17:2), or the way he sets up local leaders versus leaders in his apostolic team (Acts 19:22). But you should also go and count how many times his ‘plans’ get changed by the guiding and direction of the Holy Spirit (Acts 16:6), like getting the dream of the Macedonian call (Acts 16:9).

In Part 2, we’ll give you a step-by-step guide for how to write a strategy plan, but ultimately, our plans need to be given to us by the Spirit – and he will do it!